4 Tenses

Simple Present Tense

It is a form of the verb most commonly used in the English language, which is used to reveal the factual events and habitual, general or not general, instructs, or plan of schedule.

 Verbal Sentence:

(+) S + V I + (S/ES)

(-) S + DO/DOES + NOT + V I

(?) DO/DOES + S + V I

Example:

1. (+) Father reads a news paper

(- ) Father doesn’t read a news paper

(?) Does father read a news paper?

Yes, he does/ No he doesn’t

2.  (+) Mother cooks rice

(- ) Mother doesn’t cook rice

(?) Does mother cook rice?

 Nominal sentence:

(+) S+BE I+ (NOUN, ADJ , ADV)

(-) S+BE I+NOT+ (NOUN,ADJ, ADV)

(+) BE I+S+NOT+ (NOUN,ADJ,ADV)

Example:

1.   (+) they are students

(-) they are not students

(?) Are they students?

Yes, they are/No, they are not

2.  (+) she is beautiful

(-) she is not beautiful

(?) Is she beautiful?

Yes, she is/No, she isn’t

Past Tense

The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time. In languages which have a past tense, it thus provides a grammatical means of indicating that the event being referred to took place in the past. Examples of verbs in the past tense include the English verbs sang, went and was.

Simple Past Tense S + Past Form of the Verb + O

Example :  

(+) She went to the market

(-)  She didn’t go to the market

(?) Did she do to the market ?

Future Tense

In grammar, a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future. The "future" expressed by the future tense usually means the future relative to the moment of speaking, although in contexts where relative tense is used it may mean the future relative to some other point in time under consideration.

Simple Future Tense S + will/shall + V + O

Examples :

(+) We will go to the party

(-) We won’t go to the party

(?) Will we go to the party ?

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. The term is used particularly in the context of English grammar, where it refers to forms such as "I have left" and "Sue has died". 

Present Perfect Tense S + has/have + Past Participle (PP.) of the Verb + O

Examples :

(+) I have washed my clothes

(-) i haven’t washed my clothes

(?) Have i washed my clothes ?